Elements Of Information Theory Essay Example

Elements Of Information Theory Paper At first the homework problems and exam problems were generated each week. After a few years of this double duty, the homework problems were rolled forward from previous years and only the exam problems were fresh. So each year, the midterm and final exam problems became candidates for addition to the body to homework problems that you see in the text. The exam problems are necessarily brief, with a point, and reasonable free from time consuming calculation, so the problems in the text for the most part share these properties. The solutions to the problems were generated by the teaching assistants and readers for the weekly homework assignments and handed back with the graded homework in the class immediately following the date the assignment was due. Homework ever optional and did not enter into the course grade. Nonetheless most students did the homework. A list of the many students who contributed to the solutions is given in the book acknowledgment. In particular, eve would like to thank Laura Cheroot, Will Equity, Don Kimberly, Mitchell Trot, Andrew Nobel, Jim Ruche, Vitriol Castillo, Mitchell Slick, Chine-Went These Michael Morel, Marc Goldberg George Smells, Nadia Hazardous, Young-Han Kim, Charles Mathis, Stormier Crisscrossing, Jon Yard, Michael Beer, Mug Aching, Squash Diagram, Else Riskier, Paul gain, Guard lounger, David Julian, Hyannis Assassinations, Amos Lapidated, Erik Orthodontic, Sandmen Pomona. Ark Stunting. Josh Sweetened-Singer and Safe Kiev. We would like to thank Proof. John Gill and Proof. We will write a custom essay sample on Elements Of Information Theory specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Elements Of Information Theory specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Elements Of Information Theory specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Baas El Gamma for many interesting problems and solutions. The solutions therefore show a wide range of personalities and styles, although some of them have been smoothed out over the years by the authors, The best way to look at the solutions is that they offer more than you need to solve the problems. And the solutions in some cases may be awkward or inefficient. We view that as a plus. An instructor can see the extent tooth problem by examining the solution but can still improve his or her own version, The solution manual comes to some 400 pages. We are making electronic copies available to course instructors in PDP We hope that all the solutions are not put up on an insecure website-?it will not be useful to use the problems in the book for homework and exams if the solutions can be obtained immediately with a quick Google search. Instead, we will put up a small selected subset of problem solutions on our Bessie, http://www_elementsofinformationtheory. Com, available to all These will be problems that have particularly elegant or long solutions that would not be suitable homework or exam problems. We have also seen some people trying to sell the solutions manual on Amazon or ABA;y. Please note that the Solutions Manual for Elements Of Information Theory is copyrighted and any sale or distribution without the permission of the authors is not permitted. We would appreciate any comments, suggestions and corrections to this solutions manual. Tom Cover Duran 121, Information Systems Lab Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305. Ph. 50-723-4505 FAX: 650-723-8473 Email: [emailprotected] Due Joy Thomas Stratify 701 N Shoreline Avenue Mountain View, CA 94043. Ph. 650-210-2722 FAX: 650-988-2159 Email: [emailprotected] Org Chapter I Introduction Chapter 2 Entropy, Relative Entropy and Mutual Information 1. Coin flips. A fair coin is flipped until the first head occurs. Let X denote the number of flips required, (a) Find the entropy H(X) in bits. The following expressions may be useful: nor= (b) A random variable X is drawn according to this distribution. Find an efficient sequence of yes-no questions of the form, Is X contained in the set S Compare H(X) to the expected number of questions required to determine X Solution: (a) The number X of tosses till the first head appears has the geometric distribution with parameter p = 1/2 , where p (X = n) = PC , n E (l, 2, . Hence the entropy of X is PC n-l log(PC n-?l ) PC n log p + -p log p PC log q -p log p -q logo = H(pop bits. If p = 1/2 , then H(X) NP n logo = 2 bits. Entropy, Relative Entropy and Mutual Information (b) Intuitively, it seems clear that the best questions are those that have equally likely chances of receiving a yes or a no answer. Consequently, one possible uses is that the most efficient series of questions is: Is X= 1 ? If not, is X = 2 ? If not, is X ? With a resulting expected number of questions equal to n-l n(1/2 ) 2 This should reinforce the intuition that H(X) sis measure of the uncertainty of X Indeed in this case, the entropy is exactly the same as the average number of questions needed to define X , and in general E(# of questions) NIX) This problem has an interpretation as a source coding problem. Let 0 = no, 1 = yes, X = Source, and Y = Encoded Source. Then the set of questions in the above procedure can be written as a collection of (X, Y ) pairs: 1, 1) , (2, 01), (3, 001) etc. In tact, this intuitively derived code is the optimal (Huffman) code minimizing the expected number of questions. 2 Entropy of functions. Let X be a random variable taking on a finite number of values. What is the (general) inequality relationship Of H(X) and ) if (a) Y = XX ? (b) Y = coos X? Solution: Let y = g(x) . Then p(x). X: y-g(x) Consider any set of x s that map onto a single y .

Free Essays on The Ideal Of Womanhood In Kate Chopins The Awakening

The Ideal of Womanhood in Kate Chopin’s The Awakening Throughout most of history women generally have had fewer rights than men. The Women’s Rights Movement began in cities of the northeast in the early to mid-1800’s and soon emerged in cities of the Midwest and western states. It was not until the 1890’s that women in the southern states joined the bandwagon. The Awakening by Kate Chopin, set in the coastal region of Louisiana, was written and published during this time. Industrialization, urbanization and changing social norms in the United States were great influences in the writing and controversial reception of this work. Many reviews focus strongly on the self-gratification aspect of Edna’s actions and condemn it as selfishness. It is my contention that pressures of a changing society, a time when women were struggling for selfhood, a time when some women, like Edna, found themselves totally lost, played a pivotal role in Edna’s decisions and ultimate demise. To establish the basis for my argument it is important to outline the history of society’s attitudes toward women. Throughout early history, wifehood and motherhood were regarded as women’s most significant contribution to society. Early Roman law described women as children, forever inferior to men. The myth of the natural inferiority of women greatly influenced their status in society. Early Christian theologians such as St. Jerome in the fourth century and St. Thomas Aquinas in the thirteenth century perpetuated this view. Women were considered not only intellectually and physically inferior to men but also a source of temptation and evil (Epstein 21:317). While American culture emphasized individualism, American women were conditioned to accept a passive and submissive role and were taught that God and nature sanctioned it. The characteristics desired in a woman were domesticity, piety, purity, and submissiveness. This ideal, known at... Free Essays on The Ideal Of Womanhood In Kate Chopin's The Awakening Free Essays on The Ideal Of Womanhood In Kate Chopin's The Awakening The Ideal of Womanhood in Kate Chopin’s The Awakening Throughout most of history women generally have had fewer rights than men. The Women’s Rights Movement began in cities of the northeast in the early to mid-1800’s and soon emerged in cities of the Midwest and western states. It was not until the 1890’s that women in the southern states joined the bandwagon. The Awakening by Kate Chopin, set in the coastal region of Louisiana, was written and published during this time. Industrialization, urbanization and changing social norms in the United States were great influences in the writing and controversial reception of this work. Many reviews focus strongly on the self-gratification aspect of Edna’s actions and condemn it as selfishness. It is my contention that pressures of a changing society, a time when women were struggling for selfhood, a time when some women, like Edna, found themselves totally lost, played a pivotal role in Edna’s decisions and ultimate demise. To establish the basis for my argument it is important to outline the history of society’s attitudes toward women. Throughout early history, wifehood and motherhood were regarded as women’s most significant contribution to society. Early Roman law described women as children, forever inferior to men. The myth of the natural inferiority of women greatly influenced their status in society. Early Christian theologians such as St. Jerome in the fourth century and St. Thomas Aquinas in the thirteenth century perpetuated this view. Women were considered not only intellectually and physically inferior to men but also a source of temptation and evil (Epstein 21:317). While American culture emphasized individualism, American women were conditioned to accept a passive and submissive role and were taught that God and nature sanctioned it. The characteristics desired in a woman were domesticity, piety, purity, and submissiveness. This ideal, known at...

Rwanda and Global Stratification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Rwanda and Global Stratification - Essay Example (David Newbury and Catherine Newbury). There can be no better example than Rwanda in the annals of human history where a country so rich in natural beauty and flora and fauna could be subjected to a trauma for over 150years, beginning with its discovery by colonial powers in the mid-19th century. Of course, most countries in Africa and Asia also had gone through the subjugating periods of the colonial rulers. Countries like China, India, Myanmar, the Middle East, and others gained freedom after World War II. The situations in these countries are by and large peaceful. Hence, the Rwandan episode continues to serve as a test for regional stability and global stratification. The Rwandan society comprise the pre-dominant Hutu and the Tutsi tribes with the Hutus making up 84% of the population, the Tutsis 14% and the Twa tribe, said to be the original inhabitants but now only forming 1% of the population. Physically, the Tutsis are tall, the Hutus short and square built, and the Twa are pygmoid. The differences are not ethnic as the Hutu and Tutsi tribes speak the same language of Kinyarwanda, and have had a history of intermarriages and share many cultural characteristics. Officially, English and French are also spoken. The problems seem to lie more on the regional level with one group vying with the other for political and economical control. The social barriers began to fester once the country became independent on July 1, 1962. The Belgian rulers who won the UN mandate to maintain their status in Rwanda after World War I, favored the Tutsi tribe as administrators and eventually when they left the country they tried to soothe feelings by having the Hutus share in power. However, feelings of mutual hatred and discontent had leaked so much into the mindset of the different groups that ultimately it could not but give way to much bloodshed once the Belgians left. 800,000 Tutsis were massacred across the country by marauding Hutu hoodlums egged on their ruling high command. The police and the army were openly one-sided in the brutality. The neighboring countries of Burundi, Zaire and Uganda were also embroiled in the unrest as both Hutu and Tutsi rebels took refuge in these countries to regroup and counter-attack each other. Millions were killed from both sides. The civil war raged from atrocities inflicted by one group leading to retribution by the other. The initial bloodshed inflicted by the Hutus on the Tutsis was returned by the latter in a 14-weeks route of the Hutus that overthrew the largely Hutu government with another ferocious bout of massacre. The bloodshed

The World Bank Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The World Bank - Assignment Example Some people say that when you love or are fulfilled, by what you do for a living, then you never really work a day in your life. Most people do not earn a living doing what most people want to do. They did not make the difference they wanted to make. Most people compromise, for one reason or another, and settle for what is most stable and guarantees the bills are paid. This is not a wrong decision; it is, in fact, a very responsible one. However, all the same, when asked, they will likely tell you they wish that they had gone another direction. It is a rare opportunity to really be inspired and fulfilled by where one works. That said, the goal of choosing a direction that is, both, financially consistent, as well as, something that is fulfilling is fundamentally important. The World Bank is an organization where that potential for that outcome to be realized. The World Bank was founded in 1944 and is a collaboration of five institutions. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the International Development Association (IDA), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and lastly, the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID).("The world bank," 2012)   Each of these groups focuses and contributes to the financing and facilitating aid to middle income, developing, and destitute countries. Whether it is providing low interest or interest-free loans, guaranteeing potential losses with reluctant investors, or providing arbitration and mediation in investment disputes, they are encouraging growth. It is not just financial contributions, but also, environmental and humanitarian endeavours as well. In totality what has been created is a very dedicated entity, which is far more than the sum of its technical parts. The World Bank’s chosen mission is, ultimately, rather simple. They have one intent and supreme goal of ending global poverty. To do this they are deeply invested in projects dedicated to aiding those in poverty-stricken, under-developed, and suffering populations all over the world. They focus on a concept, they call, the Millennium Achievement Goals, which, â€Å"†¦calls for the elimination of poverty and sustained development.†

Suvey DB 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Suvey DB 5 - Essay Example This can come in the form of training and perpetual retooling to keep the employee updated in the latest method available that will increase productivity. Employee development enhances productivity not only in terms of making employee effective and efficient in doing their jobs. It also develops loyalty among employees in addition to motivating them to do better with their jobs. Thus, the immediate benefit of employee development is having employees who are motivated and competent who are loyal to the company and therefore likely to stay in the company. The benefits of having competent and motivated employees are in multitude. The most obvious benefit is efficiency and efficacy in doing their jobs. Materials turnover will decline, overhead expenses will lessen and new process will be discovered that will further enhance productivity. In short, expenses will be lessened and output will be optimized by a highly trained workforce wrought by employee development programs (Hameed and Waheed, 2011). The benefit of having a loyal workforce which is a result of an effective employee development program cannot be discounted. While their benefits may not be obvious, their effect can be felt in the organization. Without employee development that will foster company loyalty, there will be high turnover and attrition rate that is not only costly but time consuming as well. Employee recruitment is costly and could be avoided if employees are loyal to the company. The money spent for recruiting new employee could instead be used somewhere else. The lost productivity of an employee who left can also be counted as a cost to the company. In addition, a company has also to spend more resources in training a new hire. After training, a new hire cannot be expected to have the same productivity of the old employee as he or she is still has to learn the ropes of the new job. It takes

Synthesis of Aquasomes With Different Compositions

Synthesis of Aquasomes With Different Compositions Executive Summary of Research Proposal (maximum 300 words) (Please include the problem statement, objectives, research methodology, expected output/outcomes/implication, and significance of output from the research project) The last three decades have witnessed remarkable and breathtaking advances in the field of biotechnology, biochemistry, molecular biology and peptide synthesis. These developments have facilitated the pharmaceutical industry to make remarkable progress in the development of peptide and proteins as drugs. Since proteins are known to be involved in essentially all biological processes and reactions, they represent a promising class of therapeutics. Administration of these classes of drugs to humans is formidable challenge for biotechnologist as well as pharmacist. The biggest problems lying in their governance are physical and chemical instability, poor bioavailability and lack of knowledge for delivering them. These problems can be solved by using the aquasomes. Aquasomes combines biotechnology and nanotechnology approaches. These sugar balls are the recent addition in delivery systems that have wider applications in peptide and protein delivery. Aquasomes are three-layered self-assem bled nanostructures. They contain solid nanocrystalline core lile calcium phosphate coated with polyhydroxy oligomers over which peptide and protein are adsorbed. The carbohydrate coating protects the peptide from dehydration and stabilizes the active peptide molecules. Structural stability is provided by solid core. Aqausomes maintains the conformational integrity of peptide which makes it ideal carrier system for delivery of peptides. In the proposed work Aquasomes, a novel nano drug delivery system compassing of hydroxy apatite (HA) core having carbohydrate coating will be prepared. Urokinase will be immobilized on these nanostructures for thromobolytic therapy. The prepared systems will be characterized for size, shape, size distribution, enzyme loading efficiency, and in vivo performance. The in vivo performance of the formulated aquasome will be compared with standard urokinase preparation. In Aquasome the steric hindrance is provided by polyhydroxyoligomers between enzyme and blood component (Plasma protein). Later RES cells assist in removing exogenous material from blood stream .The polyhydroxy oligomers maintain three dimensional conformation of enzyme and also helps in deferring recognizition from RES cells. Therefore it is proposed that aquasome not only act as dehydroprotectant but also preserve the three dimensional conformation of enzyme in blood, which enhanced dramatically the half-life of enzyme. So it is expected that proposed system can add new dimension in delivery of urokinase through its rapid onset of action, maximal efficacy and safety Research background including Problem Statement, Hypothesis/Research Questions, Literature Reviews, Related References and Relevance to Goverment Policy, if any. Problem statement Urokinase is a serine protease enzyme which is widely used as an anti-thromboembolic drug in thrombolytic therapy. Urokinase is a strong plasminogen activator. Activation of plasmin activates a proteolysis cascade which breaks down the fibrin polymers of blood clots. This makes urokinase a very important drug against vascular diseases.Urokinase has a half-life of 10-20 mins in plasma. Due to which it is needed to given patient in a short time span for treatment.2 These problems can be solved by using the aquasomes. Aquasomes combines biotechnology and nanotechnology approaches. These sugar balls are the recent addition in delivery systems that have wider applications in peptide and protein delivery. Aquasomes are three-layered self-assembled nanostructures. They contain solid nanocrystalline core like calcium phosphate coated with polyhydroxy oligomers over which peptide and protein are adsorbed. The carbohydrate coating protects the peptide from dehydration and stabilizes the active peptide molecules. Structural stability is provided by solid core. Aqausomes maintains the conformational integrity of peptide which makes it ideal carrier system for delivery of peptides.3,4 Hypothesis Urokinase is a thrombolytic enzyme having half life of 10-20 minutes. In the present work is an attempt is to retain the spatial properties of streptokinase i.e. three-dimensional conformation, which is a freedom internal molecular rearrangement generated by intermolecular interaction and a freedom of bulk movement. Using aquasomes a high degree of molecular preservation may be achieved by virtue of the significant degree of retained biological activity. The aquasomes also avoid the elimination of drug by reticuloendothelial system therefore sustained delivery of drug may be achieved, and a circulating bioreactor could possibly be developed which may be used as preventive measure to avoid probable vascular embolism Research Questions Is it possible to immobilize Urokinase on aquasomes? Do Aquasmoes will be able to preserve the activity of Urokinase? Is it possible to achieve sustain release of urokinase with aquasomes after PEGylation? Is it possible to use similar platform for other peptide drugs? Literature review Current status of research and development in the subject Kossovsky et al.5( 1995) reported first synthesis of aquasomes for delivery of protein antigen and mussel adhesive protein. After that around fifteen research publications were appeared in scientific community utilizing aquasomes for peptide and drug delivery. Recently Aquasomes were used in delivery of peptide and drugs like insulin6 and indomethacin.7 Vyas et al.8 also used aquasomes for hepatitis antigen delivery. The relevance and expected outcome of the proposed study Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common and potentially life threatening condition which is still under diagnosed and undertreated.VTE treatment is full of risk as patient requires precise dosing of drugs with careful monitoring.9 Due to these problems in last decade lot of studies were done for developing novel antithrombotic agents. Urokinase is a serine protease (EC 3.4.21.73) enzyme which is also called urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). It is a thromobolytic agent. It was originally isolated from human urine, but it is also found in blood stream and the extracellular matrix. Urokinase directly activates conversion of plasminogen to plasmin which is a primary protein accountable for fibrinolysis.10 Urokianse has a half-life of 10-20 mins due to which it is not available in body for longer time. There is urgent need of a carrier which can carry the urokinase for longer time. Aquasomes is an answer for this need. As it carry the peptide with full retention of therapeutic activity for longer time. So there is a need of developing a drug delivery system for delivery of Urokinase in sustain manner11 It is projected that propose system can add new dimension in delivery of urokianse through its rapid onset of action, maximal efficacy and safety. References Degim IT, Celebi N. Controlled delivery of peptides and proteins. Curr Pharm Des 2007;13:99-117 Erdogan S, Ozer AY, and Bilgili H. In vivo behaviour of vesicular urokinase. Int. J. Pharm.2005 295: 1–6 Juliano RL. Microparticulate drug carriers: liposomes, microspheres and cells. In: Robinson JR, Lee VHL, editors. Controlled drug delivery. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.; 2005. p. 555-80. Rawat M, Singh D, Saraf S, Saraf S. Nanocarriers: promising vehicles for bioactive drugs. Biol Pharm Bull 2006; 29:1790-8. Kossovsky N, Gelman A, Rajguru S, Nguyan R, Sponsler E, Hnatyszyn CK, et al. Control of molecular polymorphism by a structured carbohydrate/ceramic delivery vehicle-aquasomes. J Control Release 1996; 39:383-8. Cherian AK, Rana AC, Jain SK. Self-assembled carbohydrate-stabilized ceramic nanoparticles for the parenteral delivery of insulin. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2000;26:459-63. Oviedo RI, Lopez SAD, Gasga RJ, Barreda CTQ. Elaboration and structural analysis of aquasomes loaded with indomethecin. Eur J Pharm Sci 2007; 32:223-30. Vyas SP, Goyal AK, Rawat A, Mahor S, Gupta PN, Khatri K.Nanodecoy system: a novel approach to design hepatitis B vaccine for immunopotentiation. Int J Pharm 2006; 309:227-33. Agarwal S, Lee AD, Raju RS, Stephen E. Venous thromboembolism: A problem in the Indian/Asian population? Indian J Urol 2009; 25:11-6. Agarwal Y.K, Vaidya H, Bhatt H, Manna K, Brahmkshatriya P Recent Advances in the Treatment of Thromboembolic Diseases: Venous Thromboembolism Medicinal Research Reviews, 2007 ; 27:891-914, Kaur K,Kush P,Pandey RS,Madan J,Jain UK,Katare OP Stealth lipid coated aquasomes bearing recombinant human interferon-ÃŽ ±-2b offered prolonged release and enhanced cytotoxicity in ovarian cancer cells.2015; 59 :267–276 (b) Objective (s) of the Research Urokinase is an unstable (half-life of 10-20 mins) enzyme. Pharmacist plays and important role in their stabilization, formulation and effective delivery. Over all aim of this study is to develop urokinase immobilized aquasome. Aquasome will protect urokinase from degradation and dehydration. It will also enhance and sustain its thrombolytic activity with reduced side effects. Specific objectives will be 1. To synthesize aquasomes having different compositions. Aquasomes with different sugar coating will be synthesized. Sucrose, Trehalose , Lactose and Pyrodoxial-5-phospahte will be used for sugar coating. Characterization of these nanoparticulte system will done using Transmission electron microscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, Zetasizer and X-ray powder diffractometry (XRPD). Determination of particle morphology and distribution size analysis of nanoparticles will be performed. 2 To immobilize urokinase on aquasomes and coating of PEGylated phospholipids Optimization of aquasome formulations for maximum loading of enzyme will be performed. Enzyme activity will be measured for immobilized enzyme and later they will be coated with PEGylated phospholipids for sustain release. 3. Characterization of these nanoparticulte systems after immobilization will be performed using Transmission electron microscopy, Scanning electron microscopy and Zetasizer 3. In-Vitro evaluation of aquasomal formulations Aquasomal formulations will evaluated for protein (Urokinase) release. (c) Methodology The envisaged work shall be undertaken on the following lines (1) Preformulation studies 1.1. Identification test for proteins IR spectroscopy SDS PAGE 1.2. Identification Test of Formulation Adjuvants (Sugars) Molish Test Moore’s Test Polarimetric determination of sugars 1.3. Preparation of calibration curve of adjuvants (Trehalose and Cellobiose) 1.4. Preparation of calibration curve of Enzyme as a Protein 1.5 Preparation of Calibration curve of Enzyme in PBS (pH 7.4) and Plasma (2) Preparation and Characterization of Hydroxy Apatite 2.1 Optimization of the method for the preparation of Hydroxy Apatite 2.1.1 Characterization of Hydroxy Apatite prepared by self-precipitation Size and Shape e.g TEM and SEM Crystal properties e.g XRD 2.1.2 Preparation and Characterization of Aquasome 2.1.3 Optimization of the poly hydroxyl Oligomers concentration on Hydroxy Apatite 2.1.4 Optimization of drying condition 2.1.5 Optimization of Protein concentration 2.16 Characterization of Optimized Aquasome formulation. Confirmation of poly hydroxyl Oligomers coating by Zeta Potential measurement Determination of loading efficiency of various Aquasome formulations In-vitro release rate studies Assessment of Biodegradability of Different Formulation Retention of Enzyme Activity Reaction Kinetics of Aquasome adsorbed Urokinase Urokinase specific Antibody Detection (3) Stability studies of prepared formulation SDS-PAGE Storage Stability Expected Results/Benefit It is expected that proposed formulation will retain the spatial properties of urokinase i.e. three-dimensional conformation, which is basically achieved by freedom of internal molecular rearrangement for intermolecular interaction and without any bulk movement. Using carbohydrate based aquasomes a high degree of molecular preservation may be achieved by virtue of the significant degree of retained biological activity. The aquasomes also avoid the elimination of drug by reticuloendothelial system therefore sustained and controlled delivery of drug may be achieved. Therefore, it is aim to develop an Aquasome system being streptokinase to protect drug from degradation and dehydration as well as to enhance and sustain its biological activity with reduced side effects. It will help us in getting preliminary results which will be very useful in writing big research project grants to other funding agencies. It is also expected that this research work will allows us to publish quality publications.

Colonization of America Essay examples -- American History Colonial Ne

Colonization of America Although New England and the Chesapeake region were both settled by people of English origin, by 1700 the regions have evolved into two new distinct societies. Why did this difference in development occur? When first English settlers began arriving in America in the 1700's they mainly settled in two regions - New England and the Chesapeake. Even though both groups of people were English by origin, they had developed two very different societies. Each group had it's own beliefs and expectations of what they will find in this new world, and the results of their settlement were very different as well. When the ship headed for Virginia left England in 1635, it was filled mostly with men in their twenties and thirties. The ship's name - "Merchant's Hope" very much explains the reason for which these people were heading to the New World. They were looking to find gold, silver and other riches there. Almost all of them had left their families in England to go forth with this opportunity for profit. These people did not think about permanently settling there, and very few of them had prepared for this trip as a whole. Over half of the people had died during the trip. Captain John Smith said "There was no talk†¦but dig gold, wash gold, refine gold, load gold†¦", (History of Virginia). This statement basically summarizes what was happening in Virginia after the ship had arrived. Even though there was no gold found, many people established such indus...

Aspects of Human Nature in “Heart of Darkness” by Joseph Conrad Essay

Joseph Conrad’s novel Heart of Darkness encompasses many themes and concepts dealing with the very nature of humanity and its complexity. This novel is set up in two different locations, the Thames River and the Congo River. Conrad uses these two rivers to represent the different cultures that clash in this novel, which are the â€Å"civilized† and the â€Å"savages†. While exploring these two different worlds Conrad exposes the human nature at its core through the characters in this novel proving that not everything is straightforward and is at it seems. The Thames River located in Southern England represents the advanced European world. In this novel the Europeans regarded themselves as civilized and cultured. On the other hand, Conrad embeds numerous dark intense imageries to describe this â€Å"enlightened† culture such as violent, death, brooding gloom, and more. While the Congo River represents the uncivilized native inhabitants that are described as â€Å"utter savagery† (Conrad, 1990, p. 4), but the nature that surrounds the Congo is described as mysterious, glittering, and precious. The contrast of these locations and representations reveals different aspects of human nature. One un-admirable quality of human nature that is shown is pride. The European characters in this novel had the mentality that they were superior to the natives. Because of their superior status they felt that European Imperialism and the stations set up were meant for â€Å"humanizing, improving, instructing† (Conrad, 1990, p. 29) the uncivilized savages. Instead these civilized European men â€Å"Christianizing† and trying to conform the natives to their standards they have succumb to the darkness within the jungle displaying their true nature. Another aspect of human nature shown by the ironic descriptions of the â€Å"civilized† and â€Å"uncivilized† locations is man’s destructive nature. There were numerous events in this novel that portrayed man’s destructive nature due to ulterior motives. An example that destructive behaviors are apart of human nature is when Kurtz raids countless tribes for ivory for the very purpose of gaining wealth and power. Another example of man’s destructive nature is when numbers of â€Å"pilgrims used to turn out in a body [hippopotamus] and empty every rifle they could lay hands on at him. Some even had sat up o’nights for him. † (Conrad, 1990, p. 25). These men waited for and wasted shots just to kill an old and innocent creature not for survival purposes, but for amusement. Conrad enforces the concept of mans destructive nature in the beginning of the novel when he is describing the â€Å"civilized† world. An example on page one Conrad describes the scenery of this â€Å"superior† civilization as â€Å"The air was dark above Gravesend, and farther back still seemed condensed into a mournful gloom, brooding motionless†¦ † Later on in the novel Marlow reads Kurtz pamphlet and is led to believe that Kurtz is not another greedy, self – serving, and power crazed individual like the many characters he has met up with on his journey, but that Kurtz shares the same beliefs that he does. Marlow’s belief that the purpose of European Imperialism in Africa was to improve the culture and to benefit them equally rather than cause chaos for their own personal gain. Marlow’s excitement to meet Kurtz based off his pamphlet and how well everyone speaks of him is an example of how not everything is straightforward. Kurtz wrote his pamphlet in a way that intrigued Marlow and convinced him that they shared the same beliefs, but when Marlow finally met Kurtz he realized that Kurtz is ill physically and mentally. Trickery and inconsistency is embedded within human nature. As much as one would like to believe that humans are consistent and honest, that is not true and apparent in this novel. The main character is not exempt from human tendencies of inconsistency. Earlier on in the novel Marlow states, â€Å"I hate, detest, and can’t bear a lie,† (Conrad, 1990, p. 23). On the other hand at the end of the book he lies to Kurt’s intended to give her sense of peace and saves her from more pain and grief. Though his reasoning is not selfish he still went against his own beliefs and proves inconsistency. Throughout this entire novel Conrad introduces several European characters that portrayed so many non – admirable qualities such as greed, arrogance, envy, vengeance, sloth, and much more. Yet they are considered the â€Å"civilized† ones. Ironically the cannibals and the other natives in this novel show more admirable qualities such as loyalty, hard work, obedient, strong will, and most importantly restraint. While the civilized men were plotting against one another thinking only of themselves the natives displayed much more honorable character. For example, the native tribes that pledged their loyalty to Kurtz were obedient and remained loyal. They would accompany him on expeditions and kill on his command. Another example of honorable qualities portrayed by these â€Å"uncivilized savages† was restraint. The cannibals that assisted Marlow on his journey had been starving for months and never made a move to attack their fellow crew- members. These â€Å"heathens† displayed true character in this situation because â€Å"It takes a man all his inborn strength to fight hunger properly. It’s really easier to face bereavement, dishonor, and the perdition of one’s soul – than this prolonged hunger †¦ no earthly reason for any kind of scruple. Restraint! †¦ the fact facing me – the dazzling fact. † (Conrad, 1990, p. 38). Through the novel â€Å"Heart of Darkness† Conrad portrays and exposes human nature at its best and at its worst. Conrad embeds irony throughout the entire novel to show that not everything is as it seems and that when involving humans there are contradictions. The main point that Conrad is conveying to his reader is that technological advances do not make a culture superior or civilized, but rather the moral code that they live by. There is not one culture superior to the other. Also that each human being is responsible for their own civil or savage behaviors. What makes one civilized is based off of what they do when no one else is around and how they react to any given situation good or terrible. This novel served as a warning from Conrad of man’s true darkness and the â€Å"human secrets that baffle probability†. (Conrad, 1990, p. 37). One is not civilized based on where they grew up, but their reactions to the world they live in. To be civilized is to act with morality, but to be a savage is to embrace the heart of darkness.

Prima Donna

Prima Donna Prima Donna Prima Donna By Maeve Maddox Henry Preston writes: Please, please, help nip this malapropism in the bud: Pre-Madonna. Im not kidding, Ive seen this twice in the past few weeks on comment boards. prima donna [prÄ“mÉ™ dÃ… nÉ™] (pree muh don uh) is an Italian term translated literally as first lady. In the music world, a prima donna is the best and most celebrated female singer in an opera company. Maria Callas swept into New York. She arrived, as is proper for prima donnas, in triumph. [Carmen] Melis had been a soprano prima donna at La Scala in Milan and had sung with Caruso and Titta Ruffo. Often referred to as the greatest Italian prima donna of the last half century, Tebaldi made her debut as Elena in Boito’s Mefistofele in 1944. Because some prime donne (plural of prime donna) felt that their talent and popularity deserved special treatment, the term came to mean self-centered, arrogant, uncooperative person. In this sense it is used to describe gifted or otherwise significant people who know their worth and want everyone else to kowtow to them because of it. The Senate, meanwhile, is an institution that, by nature, furthers individualistic prima-donna-ism on both sides of the aisle. This is namely for executives: how do you deal with prima donna employees? What is the best approach? Steeles A Prima Donna But We Arent Ready To Kick Him Off Stage One use of pre-Madonna is as a play on words in connection with the pop singer Madonna Louise Veronica Ciccone. When it comes to out-and-out ignorance of the term, the greatest supply of examples is to be found on semi-literate blogs and comment boards, and in sports writing. General comments: you both sound like pree-madonna little girls? arguing over a game, im not trying to get involved in ur war, but how about growing up? im a young egyption princess or milk maid im the greatest pree madonna in the land, I am sick in tired reality show celebs acting like pree-Madonna. Sports-related: Ankela is a little pre-madonna. What an attitude problem. The worst thing of it is that he actually believes that he is far superior to his peers. My trainer calls me a preemadonna cause i like to look good lol. Jay cutler is a primadonna (Not like Alex Rodriguez [was] a pree madonna) Lebron Premadonna James will never win a championship!! Its amusing that a term meaning best female singer has come to be applied to burly athletes. The Italian term for best male singer is primo uomo [prÄ“mÃ…  wÉ”Ë mo]. Bottom line: Unless the context has something to do with the pop music world before singer Ciccone came along, the expression is prima donna. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:60 Synonyms for â€Å"Walk†Rules for Capitalization in Titles45 Idioms with "Roll"

Operations Management and Productivity essayEssay Writing Service

Operations Management and Productivity essayEssay Writing Service Operations Management and Productivity essay Operations Management and Productivity essayFedEx is the company that I chose to write about and their main line of business is shipping and transportation of mail and packages.   FedEx not only ships packages internationally and nationally, but they are also moved into the print and office supply market as well.   With the rebranding of their name from Federal Express to FedEx they are growing at an enormous rate.   They provide a host of different freight services and products. FedEx’s services include FedEx Express, which is their overnight courier services, providing next day air service within the United States and time-definite international service.   Another service they offer is FedEx Ground which guarantees day-definite delivery within Canada and the United States at a cost savings as compared to time-definite FedEx Express.   The most recognizable service would be their FedEx Home Delivery service which is a division of FedEx Ground, specializing in reside ntial delivery Tuesday through Saturday and offers delivery options to provide more flexibility for residential recipients.FedEx’s operation process monitors events that occur throughout the transportation and alerts are generated for events that occur outside the schedule.   When an order is created in the Customer’s system rather through telephone, Internet or email, the Customer’s information system sends the order details to the warehouse in order to pick and pack the requested parts. Once the parts are packed, the Customer’s system is updated with the actual weight and dimensions. At this stage all the required data is available and is sent to the FedEx Supply Chain Manager.   Based on shipping details the FedEx Supply Chain Manager defines the appropriate carrier and exports the orders automatically to the carrier system.   Once this has been done, the FedEx Supply Chain Manager will send the orders electronically to the carrier and provide th e warehouse with the appropriate shipping label. The warehouse handler attaches the label to the correct box/pallet. With respect to the agreed pickup times, the assigned carrier will collect the goods.   On a daily basis FedEx Supply Chain Manager uploads the Order Status Updates (Proof of Delivery, Proof of Collection, escalation codes, etc.). Based on the shipment status, the responsible agent follows up on escalation orders. The status updates can be sent to the customer’s system or displayed via a customized web site to ensure full order visibility.Now that I know a little more about this company and all the different things they do, I’m in awe of how vast the company is and the difficulty it would take to oversee a company this massive.   To manage a small division of this company could be a daunting task with all the various conditions that could change the way things are done.   Weather, location, holidays, and the economy are just a few of the factors th at could affect the way you manage a division or department in this company.   Productivity in this company has to be frantic given the timelines and amount of parcels being moved at any given time. FedEx is global and has the second largest fleet of airplanes in the world.   With a company specializing in the shipping/freight business you have to be able to operate all over the world.   As a Sailor in the Navy, I know from experience that some remote locations have very limited staff but they still have a FedEx office.FedEx is expanding and I don’t see them stopping anytime soon.   They are already in the shipping business, the freight business, the customs consulting business and the office supply business.   Once looked at as a threat to the Unites States Postal Service, they are now a major carrier for the post office, transporting the bulk of their mail and packages.   Before you know it, FedEx will be delivering our mail and they’ll be facing off with the office supply giants such as Staples and Office Depot.

Behavior Intervention Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Behavior Intervention Plan - Essay Example The Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) is the largest international professional organization dedicated to improving the educational success of individuals with disabilities and/or gifts and talents. CEC advocates for appropriate governmental policies, sets professional standards, provides professional development, advocates for individuals with exceptionalities, and helps professionals obtain conditions and resources necessary for effective professional practice (CEC). Other than using communication techniques, educators should involved the students’ parents to help the barriers so that the child can learn effectively and comfortably. Knowing that they have their parents support, they learn with confidence from effective teaching due to the fact they feel like they have a comfort zone when family is around. When parents are involved, children feel that they have their acceptance to learn. It is apparent that some of the communication techniques can be used on children within educational intervention to break down some of the barriers. For example, prompting children for good behavior and using computers as a way to communicate with minority children can be extremely helpful until a proper way of communicating between the educator and student becomes establish, which they will feel comfortable with. Once a communication technique is established, it will become easier to understand one’s another way of thinking. Furthermore, educationa l intervention would be more accepting of diversity, which means no child will be left behind despite their differences. The PACER Center (Parent Advocacy Coalition for Educational Rights) is a statewide nonprofit parent center that for nearly twenty years has served parents of children with disabilities from birth through secondary school. Through Families and Schools Together (FAST) Forward, PACER is expanding its operations to include all parents. FAST Forward provides the following six

Logistics and Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Logistics and Supply Chain Management - Essay Example In the electronics industry flexibility, responsiveness to customer demand and product specifications and time management are important in the strategic management of the supply chain. Dell Computers is a typical example in the industry that manufactures as per orders received and its manufacturing schedule is changed every two hours (Chou, Tan & Yen, 2004). For Dell maintaining delivery schedules are more important than prices and they ensure that the entire chain is strategically managed. Their goal is to decrease inventory cost and match production to demand. This is in line with the concept of JIT in inventory management. JIT reduces overall production costs by streamlining the products flow within the production process and improves information flow within business partners. In the manufacturing industry, JIT-driven processes can introduce small purchase lot sizes that can be delivered in exact quantities rather than traditional large batch delivery with 5 percent volume either way (Waters-Fuller, 1995). Multi-sourcing can be eliminated and manufacturers can stick to a few suppliers or ideally one supplier per component. Supplier selection need not solely be based on price but quality and delivery performance can be used to assess the efficiency of the suppliers. JIT purchasing enables awarding long-term contract to the suppliers in return for the demand that buyer makes on the supplier. Long-term contracts not only eliminate the re-tendering costs but also reduce the prices for re-ordering. JIT further helps to strategically manage whether the supplier should supply directly or through a warehouse between the supplier and the customer. While supplying directly is the ideal solution, the suppliers must receive comprehensive scheduling and planning data before production commences (Waters-Fuller, 1995). A warehouse on the other hand helps to provide a buffer stock and the warehouse can be